Еўрапейскія дні спадчыны ў Беларусі
2012
Памер: 18с.
Мінск 2012
and traditions. The active involvement and the positive attitude of the local community is a prerequisite for cultural tourism development. Tourist flows inevitably cause changes in the life of the local communities and their environment. When these changes meet the aspirations of the local people and become a vehicle for improving their living, such kind of tourism can be considered an activity contributing to the sustainable development of the society.
Each region can boast some distinctive features, which should be favorably presented and harnessed without threatening their existence. Tourism can not only bring income, but also increase the self-esteem of the local community, provide them with a channel to communicate the significance of their heritage to the tourists. Let’s summarize this as four principles of effective cultural tourism:
1) encouraging active preservation efforts in the locality (region): safeguarding natural, cultural and historical heritage;
2) encouraging public awareness of the distinctive features and the uniqueness of the heritage in their locality (region) in comparison with other places;
3) fostering the feeling of appreciation and responsibility for the unique heritage;
4) designing a tourism developing programs that will employ the unique heritage of the locality.
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V. UkiedCO UOPCD НсНТЖс ІМІеС/ШЗ
Four complex Belarusian national properties have been inscribed on the UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE list so far: the Belavezhskaya Pushcha (1992), the Mir Castle Complex (2000), the Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nyasvizh (2005), and the Struve Geodetic Arc (2005).
The Belavezhskaya Pushcha
It is a piece of primeval forest, which stretches across western part of Belarus and eastern part of Poland. The forest reserve covers over 160 ha (nearly 400 acres) in Hrodna and Brest Provinces. The aurochs is considered to be the king of the forest — it is the largest mammal in Europe.
The biodiversity of flora and fauna in the Pushcha has been the magnet to people centuries ago. However, in most cases they were interested in exploiting its natural riches.
The protected area in the Pushcha was first marked early in the 15th century by King Jagaila, and later reestablished by Alexander I of Russia early in the 19th century. During World War I it was pronounced the «Primeval Nature Park». After the park was replaced with a forestry called «Reservat» with a protection regime, and in 1939 a state reserve was founded. In1991, the Belavezhskaya Pushcha was granted the title of a State National Park, and in 1992 it was inscribed onto UNESCO World Heritage List.
The ecosystem of this natural property comprises relict trees, rare species of plants and wild life, which are in focus of the global community of researchers. At the same time the Pushcha is a magnet to tourists. Some of the destinations are the estate of Count Tyshkevich, the tsarist tract, the ancient burial hills, the sacrifice boulders, and the nature museum.
Mir Castle Complex
Mir Castle Complex, which was built on the eastern outskirt of Mir Town, Karelichy District in Hrodna Province (oblast), comprises a castle, a chapel, and the Chapel-Crypt of the Dukes of Svyatapolk-Mirsky, the watchman’s house with the gate, the ruins of the main Svyatapolk-Mirsky’s palace and the fortification walls, the palace annex, a chapel at the side of the road, and the holocaust memorial on the site of the massacre of the Mir ghetto prisoners. The
history of this property is associated with the names of such famous families as the llyinichy, Radziwill and the Svyatapolk-Mirskys.
The highlight of the property is the Castle itself, which was founded in the late 15th — 16th centuries as a fortification. The castle is a specimen of the local architectural tradition The design and layout of the Castle reflects the successive cultural influences (Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance) that blend harmoniously to create an impressive testimony to the turbulent history of the political and cultural relations of the Belarusian land throughout its long history.
The grandeur of its spatial and plastic concept, the diversity of the decoration and of the color-scheme solutions along with the authenticity of the local civil engineering tradition and the landscape create the unique image of the castle.
The Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex
of the Radziwill Family at Nyasvizh
The Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family adds to the beauty of the scenery of ancient Nyasvizh. The refinely decorated Palace, the 400-year-old Corpus Christi Church framed with the green of Castle, Old, Japanese, English and New parks, and reflected in the the mirrors of the Bernard’s, Castle, Wild and Maidens’ ponds form an amazing architectural and cultural complex, which draws in Belarusian and foreign tourists from across the world.
The construction of the Palace was started in the late 16th century by Duke Mikalaj Krzysztof «Sierotka» Radziwill using the design by the Italian architect Gian Maria Bernardoni. The unity of the ensemble is created by means of interconnecting the ten buildings, which developed as an architectural whole around a front courtyard, and surrounding them with fortifications and a ditch filled with water.
The ensemble acquired the status of the World Heritage property in 2005, and today it
is one of the most popular tourism centers of the cultural heritage of Belarus. An ambitious museumification program is being implemented at the site now, and over 30 museum expositions have already opened'for public; the museum collection is being compiled and virtual tour developed. The Radziwill Palace is also associated with theatre first nights, concerts and festivals held on its premises, which have already become a good tradition.
Struve Geodetic Arc
In 2005, the Unesco World Heritage List received one more property from Belarus — the Struve Geodetic Arc was inscribed onto this international protection document, including its five points located on the territory of Belarus, such as Leskavichy, Asaunitsa, Chakutsk (Ivanava District, Brest Provice), Tupishki (Ashmyany District, Hrodna Province) and Lapaty (Shchuchyn District, Hrodna Province).
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Minsk St. Simon and St. Helena’s Catholic Church (the Red Church) houses a full size replica of the Shroud of Turin (one of the seven existent copies), which was donated to Belarus from the city of Turin (Italy). For one year and a half, from September 2002 to June 2004, by request of Ukrainian Cardinal Lubamyr Husar it had been travelling across Ukraine, and later across Minsk and Vitsebsk Provinces. During that period it became one of the most appreciated Holy Relics of our country, an attribute of Christian holidays, crucessions and holiday processions in Minsk.
The Holy Shroud of Turin Research Center under the auspices of the Red Church unites academicians, doctors and other scholars. Edited by Provost Uladzislau Zavalnyuk, PhD in history, a 600-page scientific book was published under the title Gospel from Jesus Christ (the authors are Professor Mikhail Tsaulouski and his wife Lutsiya), who have been conducting theoretical research and collecting facts connected with the Shroud.
In 2004 a book by Professor Emanuela Marineli «The Winding Sheet — the Shroud of Turin» was translated into Russian by Provost Uladzislau Zavalnyuk and published by the Red Church. The Provost kindly agreed to brief us on the Shroud of Turin and its significance for the entire Christian community.
The Holy Shroud is called after Turin, because over more than 400 years it has been kept in the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. Millions of Christians believe that the treasured linen is the genuine burial cloth, in which the body of Jesus Christ was covered, as now it is bearing His image.
The Arch is named after a distinguished Russian astronomer and geodesists Vasil Yakaulevich Struve, who was in charge of astronomic and geodetic surveying. It is a chain of survey triangulations in the form of stone or concrete cubes incrusted into the ground at a distance of nearly 3,000 km from one another along Meridian 25°20’ from the Danube to the Arctic Ocean. The Arc was created to establish the exact size and shape of the earth. The total number of the main station points, which comprise the Arch, is 258. Beside Belarus, they are located in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Maidova, Ukraine.
The first efforts to locate the stations of the Struve Arc were undertaken by Belarusian researchers in 1999. However, the first attempt was insuccessful. In 2001, after a scrupulous analysis of the documents and detailed elaboration of a special know-how, the attempt was repeated and fruited results.
The Shroud of Turin is considered to be the direct evidence of His Sacrifice, Death and Resurrection, which occurred more than 2,000 years ago, and the Fifth Gospel is inscribed not with a pen and ink, but with the blood of Savior Himself.
To pay tribute and to worship the Holy Relic, one can join an excursion of the St. Simon and St. Helena’s Catholic Church. About 300 tourists from across the world come daily to warship the Holy Christian Relic.
The Shroud of Turin is considered to be the holiest relic by Christians of all denominations. It is a piece of linen cloth 4.36 m long and 1.1m wide and weighs about 2.45 kg. The Shroud bears two imprints of a human body in the posture consistent with the burial traditions: one is a front view, the other is a back view. Reddish brown stains of blood are found on the cloth along the entire body. The traces of the most intensive bleeding are observed on the wrists and on the feet; besides, a wound can se seen on the right side of the body, which exactly coincides with the description of the wounds inflicted on Jesus in the course of the crucifixion. The markings on the linen in the place of the head and the face are also consistent with the Bible description of putting a crown of thorns on His head and beatings before the crucifixion.
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