Гістарычны шлях нацыі і дзяржавы
Радзім Гарэцкі, Міхась Біч, Уладзімір Конан
Выдавец: Беларускі кнігазбор
Памер: 348с.
Мінск 2001
December 22:
A Byelorussian Theater is established in Miensk.
Christmas:
The German Anny leaves Vilna.
1918:
The first issue of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic’s stamps are designed and prepared for publication. (They are published in Kaunas in 1920).
1918:
The Byelorussian Teachers’ Institute reopens in Miensk.
1918:
The Byelorussian Cultural Society Backaiiscyna is established in Miensk and during 1918-1920 branches are established in Babrujsk, Vilna, Hrodna, and Riga.
1919
January 1:
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic is proclaimed in the city of Smalensk.
January 1:
A Byelorussian gimnazium opens in Vilna. (Classes start Feb. , 1919).
January 6:
The Red Army occupies Vilna.
January 13:
Sciapan Niekrasevic, chairman of the Byelorussian National Center in Odessa, requests General Bartel of the French Army to provide military and material assistance to the Byelorussian Democratic Republic.
January 20:
The Byelorussian Museum is established in Vilna.
January 20:
The Byelorussian regional Museum opens in Miensk.
February 27:
The Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic is established in Vilna; on February 28 at a session of the Sovnarkom of the Republic it adopted the name The Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Byelorussia.
March 24—29:
An anti-Soviet uprising takes place in the city of Homiel.
March:
An anti-Soviet uprising occurs in the town of Niasviz.
April 23:
The Polish Army of General Pilsudski occupies Vilna.
May:
The Theatrical Society of Byelorussian Youth is established in Hrodna.
Spring:
A Byelorussian Art Center opens in the town of Lepiel.
June 9—10:
A Congress of the Representatives of Byelorussian groups under Polish occupation (the provinces of Hrodna and Vilna) takes place in Hrodna.
Summer:
An anti-Soviet uprising takes place in the town of Barysaii.
June — December:
Byelorussian theatrical groups are established in the following towns and townships: Navahradak, Dzisna, Radaskovicy, Krycau, Polack, Krasnapolle, and Viciebsk.
July 19:
The Society of Byelorussian Artists is established in Miensk.
August 8:
The Polish Army occupies the city of Miensk.
August 20:
September 19:
Ivan Luckicvic dies in Vilna (b. May 28, 1881).
Jozef Pilsudski visits Miensk. He is greeted in Byelorussian by Ales Harun. Pilsudski replies to Harun’s greetings in Byelorussian.
October 22—23:
Jozef Pilsudski (on behalf of the Polish Government) issues a declaration calling for the formation of a Byelorussian National Army, and an official recognition of the Byelorussian Military Commission consisting of: A. Prusynski, S. Rak-Michajlouski, N. Jakubouski, F. Kusel, B. Muraska.
November 12:
The Poles agree to call a meeting of the Byelorussian political leadership (the BDR group) in Miensk.
Nov. 4—15:
Representatives of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic negotiate with General Bulak-Balachovic, urging him to cooperate with the Byelorussian Government.
Fall:
The Byelorussian administration issues a series of stamps with the title: «Horadnia Provisional.»
Fall:
The Byelorussian National Committee establishes a branch in Warsaw.
December 13:
A new Council is formed: Chairman (President) of the Council — Piotra Kreceuski; Vice-presidents: Vasil Zacharka, Paluta Badunova; Secretaries: Kozic, Mamonka. The new Government included: V. Lastouski — Chairman of the Council of the Ministers; Ladnou — Foreign Affairs; Bialevic — Finances; Hryb — Minister of Interior Affairs; Cvikievic —Minister of Jurisprudence; Zajac — State Comptroller, Duscuski — Secretary of State.
Dec. 2—13:
The Council of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic meets in Miensk. A split occurs in regard to cooperation with the Polish Government. The independent faction of the BDR is headed by V. Lastouski; Piotra Kreceuski is elected the President of the Council of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic. Two governments arc formed:
(1) the «Independent» faction headed by V. Lastouski, including Ladnou, Bialevic, Hryb, Cvikievic, Zajac, Duseuski, and Kreceuski; and
(2) the «Pro-Polish» faction including A. Luckievic, Taraskievic, Rak-Michajlouski.
January 6:
Byelorussian Operational Headquarters are established in Stuck preparing an anti-Bolshevik movement. The organization is clandestine, having contacts with the Government of the BDR.
February 1:
The newspaper Savieckaja Bielarus begins publication in the city of Smalensk.
April 25 —Nov. 2, 1920:
The Polish-Soviet War is carried on Byelorussian territory.
Spring:
Byelorussian activist and political leader Fabijan Santyr is killed by a Bolshevik firing squad.
March 4:
A Conference of Byelorussian Socialist-Revolutionaries is held clandestinely in Miensk.
March 20—24:
A negotiating conference takes place between the representatives of the BDR and the Poles in Miensk.
March:
Byelorussian Uprising Committee is established in Miensk; its leadership includes J. Mamoiika, T. Hryb, and others.
June 24:
Janka Kupala makes a speech at the celebration of his 15th anniversary of literary activity in Miensk.
July 28:
Byelorussian poet Ales Harun dies in Cracow.
Summer:
Byelorussians establish an independent Rebel Republic in the region of Kojdanau.
August 15:
A travelling theater headed by U. Halubok is established in Miensk.
Summer:
A Byelorussian Workmen’s Club is established in Miensk.
September 14:
The First Byelorussian Theater of Drama opens in Miensk.
Fall:
The second series of Byelorussian (BDR) stamps (Bulak-Balachovic Issue) is published in Riga.
Nov. 6:
General Bulak-Balachovic begins his military activities in southern Byelorussia.
Nov. 4—15:
The Congress of the Sluck region takes place. The Congress elects the Council of the region which affirms its support of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic.
November 23:
The Byelorussian Students’ Organization (Bielaruski Studencki Sajuz) is established at the University of Vilna.
November 27:
Military action against the Bolsheviks begins in the Sluck region.
Fall:
Sluck Uprising stamps are issued in Sluck.
December 28:
Insurgents in the Sluck region retreat.
December:
A Representative of the Byelorussian Democratic Republic arrives in Geneva.
February 20:
March 18:
The Byelorussian Terminological Commission is established in Miensk.
The Treaty of Riga is signed between the Governments of the RSFSR (The Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) representing the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on one side and the Government of Poland on the other. The Treaty draws the division line between the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and that part of Byelorussia which became part of the Polish state. Thus, the Treaty of Riga sanctioned one of the first partitions of one nation into two segments — Eastern and Western Byelorussia. This procedure became one of the most favored methods of Communist and Russian imperialist advance in the decades to follow.
(Byelorussian Statehood. Reader and Bibliography.
New York, 1988. P.p. 369—386)
GENOCIDE OF THE BEEORUSSTANS
Symon Kabysh*
Genocide, as it has been applied to Belorussia under the Soviets, has largely resulted from the political background of Belorussia as a captive nation.
From the early days of the February Revolution in 1917, the frontline city of Minsk became a center of political and public activity by Belorussian national organizations. The central question at the congresses, conferences, and meetings of these organizations was the future fate of the Belorussian people and the proper type of state organization for the country. In order to discover the will of the people regarding this cardinal question, an AllBelorussian Congress was held in Minsk, with 1,872 delegates representing the entire population of ethnographic Belorussia. The Congress began its work on December 18, 1917, but on December 30 it was dispersed by detachments of Bolsheviks from the army of the Western Front, the headquarters of which was in Minsk. On the following day the Congress was again convened in the railway depot, where, protected by railway workers, it elected a Rada, or Council, of 71 members. The Congress transferred its rights and powers to the Rada.
The Rada, which renamed itself the «Rada of the First All-Belorussian Congress», passed a resolution on March 25, 1918, declaring the entire territory of ethnographic Belorussia to be an independent Belorussian People’s Republic. The concluding words of this resolution, addressed to the peoples of the world, were as follows, «Declaring the independence of the
* This is an abbreviated and partly reedited reprint from the book Cenocide in the USSR. Studies in Group Destruction. Published for the Institute for the Study of the USSR, Munich, by the Scarecrow Press. Inc. New York, 1958. P.p. 77—88.
BPR, the Rada hopes that all peoples who love freedom will help the Belorussian people to achieve their political and state ideals.»
After the All-Belorussian Congress had been dispersed, the Rada of the BPR and the government were compelled to carry on their work underground, because all power in Minsk was concentrated in the hands of the Bolshevik front organizations. Even in the first bodies, set up by the Soviet regime in Minsk, there were no Belorussians. L. Tsanava, at one time Minister of the MVD of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, wrote later, «The fact that the Western Front, in which were concentrated masses of workers and peasants of the central districts of Russia, in soldier uniforms, passed through Belorussia was responsible to a considerable degree for the victory of the Soviet regime.» The same view was expressed by V. Knorin, for many years secretary of the Central Committee of the Belorussian Communist Party, who declared, «The founder and creator of the Communist organization was the Bolshevik Old Guard thrown into Belorussia by the war from Leningrad, Moscow, and Ivanov... The history of Communism in Belorussia derives from Russian Bolshevism, from the RSDRP of Bolsheviks, and not from the National Socialist Party.»
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