Гістарычны шлях нацыі і дзяржавы
Радзім Гарэцкі, Міхась Біч, Уладзімір Конан
Выдавец: Беларускі кнігазбор
Памер: 348с.
Мінск 2001
Падпісалі: Старшыня Беларускай Рады Случчыны Пракулевіч; члены Рады: Жаўрыд, Русак, Сасноўскі, Радзюк.
(Наша ніва. 2000. 27 лістап.)
ДЭКЛЯРАЦЫЯ БЕЛАРУСКАЕ РАДЫ СЛУЧЧЫНЫ
Копія з чарнавіка [складзена ў] .м. Семежова 28-29 X11920 года
3 запісаў Васіля Русака
У момэнт самаадзначэньня ўсіх народаў і барацьбы іх за сваю самастойнасць і свабоду Белар. Рада Случчыны, выпаўняючы волю сялянства, паслаўшага яе і даверыўшыга ёй абарону незалежнасьці нашай Бацькаўшчыны Беларусі, падымае сьцяг барацьбы за свабодную незалежную Беларусь і заяўляе ўсяму міру:
1. Беларусь павінна быць Вольнай Незалежнай Народнай Рэспублікай у яе этнаграфічных межах.
2. Асноўныя законы Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі будуць выпрацаваны Бел. Устан. Соймам, сазваным на аснове агульнага, роўнага, простага, патаемнага і прапарц. выбарчага права.
3. Прызнаваючы, што земля павінна належаць працоўнаму народу і што прыватная ўласнасць на зямлю касуецца, Рада Случчыны думае, што нормы землекарыстаньня (землепользованіе) маюць быць выпрацаваны толькі Вел. Уст-мі зборамі. Да разьвязаньня ж гэтага пытаньня ў Уст. Сойме ўсе пастановы Часовай Улады павінны згаджацца з вышэйпаказаным прынцыпам. Усе ж лясы і нутра зямлі павінны быць уласнасьцю Рэспублікі.
4. Да сазыва Устан. Сойму павінны быць прыняты самыя шырокія меры для абароны правоў і інтарэсаў працаўнікоў, як, напрыклад, увядзеньня найбольшага 8-мігадзін. дня, кантроля над дабрабытам, мінім. зараб. платы і г. д.
5. У мэтах барацьбы з вырастаючай спэкуляцыяй і ўпарадкаваньня тавараабмену паміж местам і вёскаю Рада Случчыны прыме меры к разьвіцьцю на шырокіх пачатках усіх відаў коопэрацыі.
6. Уперад да скончаньня развязваньня гэтага пытаньня ў Уст-м Сойме прызнаем на тэрыт. Бел. свабоду слова, друку, сходаў, забастовак, хаўрусаў, рэлігій, незачэпнасьць асобнасьці і памяшчэньняў.
7. Прыдаючы першастэпеннае значэньне народнай прасьвеце, PC будзе старацца к агульнаму абучэньню ў самым шырокім маштабе.
8. У рубяжох БНР прызнаюцца правы ўсіх меншасьцяў на нац. пэрсан. аўтаномію.
Абвяшчаючы аб гэтым і зьяўляючыся выразіцельніцай волі народа, Рада Случчыны дакляруе цьвёрда стаяць за незалежнасьць і свабоду роднае Беларусі і бараніць інтарэсы сялянства ад насільляў з боку чужаземных захватчыкаў, у выпадку патрэбнасці нават сілаю аружжа, нягледзячы на лічэбную перавагу праціўніка, думаючы, што наша справа — справа праўдзівая, а праўда заўсёды закрасуе.
(НАРБ. Ф. 459, воп. 2,спр. 1,арк. 50—51)
CALENDAR OF MAJOR BYELORUSSIAN EVENTS, 1914—1921 (WORLD WAR I — TREATY OF RICzA)
A few remarks concerning the calendar. As in all fields of Byelorussian research, the Soviet approach is extremely subjective. This is especially true for the chronology of events which were generated and carried out by Byelorussians. Soviet sources regarding these historical developments are completely inadequate — they exclude Byelorussian events and meticulously assemble events which reflect some sociological conflicts.
This list of Byelorussian events during 1914—1921, compiled from a variety of primary publications and secondary sources, is an attempt to reflect —schematically and partially — some of the activities that were generated by the Byelorussian political and cultural revival movement.
1914
August 1:
World War I begins. Byelorussian territory soon becomes the focus and central part of German expansion.
September:
The newspaper Nasa Niva, published in Vilna since 1906, begins a column «Our Writers and Civic Activists at War».
October:
A Byelorussian bookstore opens in the city of Polack; Byelorussian poet Kanstancyja Bujla is the director of the store during 19151916.
October 22:
Tsar Nicholas II visits Miensk.
November 10:
The newspaper Nasa Niva marks its anniversary, Nov. 10, 1906 Nov. 10, 1914, stating, «This is a very difficult time, our war losses are very sad.»
November 21:
A Teachers’ Institute opens in Miensk.
Fall:
Jadvihin S reactivates and restructures the «Byelorussian Bookstore» (Bielaruskaja Kniharnia) in Miensk.
December:
The first Byelorussian economic enterprise «Nas Sklad» was established in Vilna.
1914:
The publishing house «Sacha» opens in Miensk.
1914:
The Byelorussian composer Uladzimir Terrauski establishes a Byelorussian Choir in Miensk.
1915
Beginning:
The Byelorussian Committee for Assistance to the Victims of the War is established in Vilna. The Committee, with few interruptions, is active through 1919.
June 30:
Well-known Byelorussian columnist Lavon Hmyrak is killed in action near the city of Kaunas.
July 30:
The last issue of the newspaper Bielarus is published in Vilna. The newspaper, in Roman characters, was published from Jan. 3, 1913 to July 30, 1915.
Summer:
The Byelorussian Society for Assistance to the Victims of the War is established in Miensk. Jadvihin S was its chief organizer and administrator.
August — September:
The German Army occupies Byelorussian territory to the line (from north to south) Dzvinsk-Pastavy-Baranavicy-Pinsk.
September 3:
The Germans occupy the city of Hrodna.
September 18:
The Germans occupy the city of Vilna.
September:
In Vilna, the Byelorussian Society for Assistance to the Victims of the War submits a memorandum to the Germans urging them to allow the opening of Byelorussian schools on the occupied territory.
November:
The first Byelorussian school opens in Zarecca, a suburb of Vilna.
December:
A Byelorussian Teachers’ Course opens in the township of Kluscany, Svianciany district.
December 19:
A document, dealing with the project of establishing a Confederation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, is published in four languages (Byelorussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Yiddish) in Vilna. The document is sponsored by representatives of the four nations.
December—January:
Three Byelorussian schools open in Vilna.
January 1:
By a special decree Field Marshal von Hindenburg recognizes the Byelorussian language as one of the official languages on the territories occupied by the German Army.
Beginning:
The Central Committee of Byelorussian National Organizations is established in Vilna.
Winter:
A Cultural Youth Organization, Chaurus SvajakoH, is established in the township of Kluscany, Svianciany district.
February 5:
The Byelorussian writer Aloiza Paskievic (Ciotka) dies in the village Stary Dvor, near the town of Lida.
February 15:
The newspaper Homan begins publishing in Vilna, two times per week. Homan is an authentic successor to the newspaper Nasa Niva. The topic of Byelorussian statehood is actively discussed.
February:
The Confederation promoting the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania issues a proclamation in Vilna outlining the political goals of the Confederation in four languages: Byelorussian, Lithuanian, Polish, and Yiddish.
April 28:
The Byelorussian delegation takes part in the work of the Conference of the League of Non-Russian Peoples [of the Russian Empire] in Stockholm. On the same date the Byelorussian delegation submits a memorandum to the Conference outlining the political situation and goals of the Byelorussians. This document is reprinted in the newspaper Homan, Vilna, May 16, 1916.
May 9:
A telegram is sent to President Woodrow Wilson by the participants In the Conference of the League of Non-Russian Peoples [of the Russian Empire] in Stockholm. Byelorussian co-signatories of the telegram include Mr. V. Lastouski and Mr. J. Salaviej.
May:
A Byelorussian exhibition on ethnography is organized in the town of Baranavicy.
June 1:
A Byelorussian Club is established in Vilna. The Club is active until 1920.
June 27:
The Byelorussian delegation takes part in the Third Conference of the League of Non-Russian Peoples [of the Russian Empire] in Lausanne, Switzerland. Reports of Byelorussian participation in the Conference are published in the newspaper Homan, Vilna, nos. 52, 53, August 11, 15, 1916. The reports are dated: June 27, 1916.
July—August:
The Society for Assistance to Byelorussian Victims of the War is established in St. Petersburg. Professor Epimach-Sypila is elected chairman.
August:
A Byelorussian choir is established in Vilna.
September 17:
Francisak Alachnovic produces a show in Miensk.
October 15:
Byelorussian theatrical performances begin in Vilna.
October 15:.
The first Byelorussian Teachers’ Seminary opens in the town of Svislac (Vatikavysk region). The first enrollment was about 50 students. The Seminary functions until November 15, 1918.
October:
Byelorussian Teachers’ Courses open in Vilna.
November 1:
The Byelorussian magazine Svietac begins in St. Petersburg. Editorin-chief, Eduard Budzka. The magazine is printed in Roman type; seven issues are published between November 1 and December 31, 1916.
November 1:
The Byelorussian newspaper Dziannica (in Cyrillic type) begins publishing in St. Petersburg, continuing until December 31, 1916. Editor-in-chief, Ciska Hartny.
1917
January 9:
Anton Luckievic suggests the establishment (Homan, Jan. 9, 1917) of a Byelorussian scholarly society and a celebration of the publication of Skaryna’s Bible in 1517.
February 27
(New Style, March 12):
The February Revolution begins in Russia.
March 2
(New Style, March 15):
Tsar Nicholas II abdicates and the new Provisional Government is established in Russia.
March 15:
Byelorussian organizations in St. Petersburg publish a declaration stating that the future Russian State should be a Federated Republic in which all nations would have the same rights.
March 17:
Representatives of Byelorussian organizations enter the Provisional Government of the city of Miensk.
March 17—23:
Byelorussian organizations are established in Homiel (Union of Byelorussian Democracy), in Viciebsk (Byelorussian Union), and in Mahilou (Byelorussian Committee).
March 25:
The Byelorussian Socialist Hramada convenes its third conference in Miensk. A resolution is passed favoring the establishment of autonomy for Byelorussia. A federation with the Democratic Russian State is favored.
КНІГІ ОНЛАЙН
