Узнікненне кнігадрукавання ў Еўропе і Беларусі
Алесь Суша
Выдавец: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі
Памер: 152с.
Мінск 2017
The most important value of the new invention was that the printing of the book became much faster and cheaper. This led to a rapid growth in the number of books issued. As a result, printing began to spread outside Germany. Thus, the first printing house in Paris appeared in 1470, and the first book was printed in 1476. Printing in Switzerland (Basel) began in 1468, in Belgium (Alst) in 1473, in Hungary (Budapest) and Poland (Krakow) in 1473, in England (Westminster) in 14711476, in Spain (Valencia) in 14721474, and in Italy (Subiaco near Rome) as early as 14641465 years. A little later they started publishing books in Denmark (Odense) and Austria (Vienna) in 1482, Sweden (Stockholm) in 1483, Portugal (Faro) in 1487.
Francysk Skaryna was the first among the Eastern Slavs to publish the book in print and made the book's
word (and through him and all the knowledge of mankind) accessible to “the people of the commonwealth”, this means for everyone. A new era was opened in the cultural development of our people. That is why the Belarusian printer is called a real giant of the Renaissance.
Thanks to his exceptional abilities Francysk Skaryna made a real cultural revolution, opened up to our ancestors the space of new opportunities and ways of further development, no less changed the universe of Belarusians. Francysk Skaryna is probably the brightest and most famous creator of Belarusian culture, able to present her in all its diversity and completeness. He is really a man encyclopedia and a universal personality. His talent manifested itself literally in everything: the Belarusian and East Slavic printer, the publisher, the translator of the Bible in his native language, the writer, the philosopherhumanist, theologian, scientist, healer, botanist, public figure, entrepreneur...
With all this, Skaryna has always remained a patriot of his land. For him, the image of a fullfledged citizen is inseparably linked with the presence of a patriotic feeling, love for one's native land. In her writings Skaryna affirms the right of people to be proud and to love their Motherland, stands for the equality of all peoples among themselves and for the value of each of them separately. Fulfilling his own covenant, Skaryna in each of his books always stressed his own origin and with the constant respect to his native place noted that the book “is stated by Dr. Francysk Skaryna from the glorious city of Polotsk.”
Already after the era of Francysk Skaryna, dozens of new printing houses were established on the Belarusian lands, which were created not only in large cities, but also in small towns and private estates. In the 1618 centuries printing presses operated in Vilna, Zabludov, Brest, Nesvizh, Zaslavl, Losk, Lyubcha, Murovanaya Oshmyanka, Evie, Slutsk, Kutein, Buinichi, Mogilev, Polotsk, Suprasle and others.
Ш
ЫТОКІ
^■^^^
««аж^й
fe^J^^
ЕУРАПЕЙСКАГА Г ■
W
КНІГАДРУКАВАННЯР»
ЙСТОКН
европенского
кннгопечатання
The origins of European bookprinting
!?^Bt!
'ў^£^^^^^
1»
15s ^’Sfe^s
ta
? «?w*£>£5^^^:^ ■■ гТГТ^З^*Л ^^^£ЙІ^^^^ r»e^»»»4
ійі
УЗНІКНЕННЕ КНІГАДРЖАВАННЯ Ў ЕЎРОПЕ I БЕЛАРУСІ ' |8Я[ — ВЫТОКІ ЕЎРАПЕЙСКАГА КНІГАДРУКАВАННЯ
ГЕРМАНІЯ
14401450 гг. Ёган Гутэнберг (Gutenberg) у г. Майнц распачынае першыя досдеды кнігадрукавання.
Яму належыць вырашэнне ўсіх асноўных тэхнічных задач друкарскага спосабу: набор тэксту з асобных літар, атрыманне тэкстаў піляхам адбітка з набору тэхналогія вытворчасці шрыфту склад шрыфтавога сплаву і спецыяльнай друкарскай фарбы, канструкцыя друкарскага прэса. Гэта была самая прадукцыйная на той момант тэхналогія друкаваных кніг, якая дазволіла ўпершыню ў гісторыі перавесці гэты працэс на прамысловую аснову.
Першыя надрукаваныя тэксты лацінская граматыка і папскія індульгенцыі. Самае вядомае выданне Ё. Гутэнберга 42радковая Біблія.
1457 г. Петэр Шэфер (Peter Schoffer) выдаеМайнцскі Псалтыр першую кнігу з поўнымі выхаднымі дадзенымі.
1461 г. Альбрэхт Пфістар (Albrecht Pfister) у Бамбергу ўпершыню друкуе кнігу з гравіраванымі на дрэве ілюстрацыямі.
1466 г. Ёган Мянцелін у Страсбургу выдаў першую друкаваную Біблію на нямецкай народнай мове (Біблія Мянцеліна) першая з т.зв. далютэраўскіх Біблій (Vorlutherische Bibeln).
1493 г. Антон Кобергер (Koberger) у Нюрнбергу надрукаваў знакамітую «КнігуХронік» Г. Шэдэля.
Найбольш вядомыя друкары Германіі XVXVI стст.: А. Кобергер, Э. Ратдольт, Г. Цайнер, Г. Кнаблохтцар і інш.
Выява Ё. Гутэнберга
Портрет М. Гутенберга
Portrait of J. Gutenberg
42радковая Біблія. Майнц: Ё. Гутэнберг, 1450я гг. Самая вяоомая з першых друкаваных кніг
42строчная Бйблйя. Майнц: П. Гутенберг, 1450е гг. Самая йзвестная йз первых печатных кнйг
42line Bible. Mainz: J. Gutenberg, 1450s. The most famous of the first printed books
JimpUr tpto Hfetmimi Я OBtauil іій райпійіі brontibueiluuiitliif toritUitiS Caputiliitaiojimil:’ trt niubroiiua taruaintaimunuftuiaptrfttniaBtnilit
ЯІГітіаГйашПішаа ^littnaa:qutapnn‘ ipionnnndaqiitf probatt iant fiBff tt urttria amiurit pSttbanr. Wtta tniillanraffttuBottt tpi niunno mpulata: qua na unit raarnfaiiiiliananonpitiiriatautu rowno fubBila ipilpae aBnlata: to Oti nnioirt BiumatS frriptutatu Mia tonnbant. llrgini? in utttrite ijaorijequotba ІйВгаПгдішпгіааnouoa ав bit flitoe raanattafiSc „ uttoaquoaqlibtiqnoiittatrrotant У ф uiBttnit. Sir pitagqraa mtrapbi; ў riroauattajitpliimtgipnimaarta 4 tanirattnnnu tamqi otartalitqut quanta magno gtttiaBittfBf:labo< noliUhnt pttaguimt ur mn attain
ptrtgniiuc anj; Bifapuluonnaitae a ■ lima titttrunbt Biter: iq fun iiupu< Brnttt ingttttt. JStniqi rum linttaa quafi torooijit fuginta pttftquitutrapnra n pitaria tt untSBatuattran norruBtliltao patuit • Bataa raps
uno Ollis’ tt fttuueitamra quia pbp оГор,Ьйе:таіоі tmtntt ittuirno t* rumliuii latadoqutnnr bntt ma« nanttmB ulnmiohtlpanitgalliatu qi tabuaquotbain utniltnobilto
ingt®; aliuB ratta orb ent quttttrnr. Jgltilloni’fiut tilt mag9 nt unlgna loquitutfiut pljuo utpitagonntta» Ountirtauitgraayttalniit tataliialbSuoaituiiae • maffagraa • opu» Іпігіііта inBit ttgna ptnttrauit: tt aBqqtmuniAlatiOimo pWon amnr ttafiraffo gutnit ав btagmanaa: ut i brattam mtgmno ittrnre aurtua It tantaltfonttpotanttiiiintttpautoa ^ /z BiinpioaBtnaturaBtmotiteat bt < tutfu BittS afiBttSauBitaBottnttin. ’ '
fjnbnitlaniitao.babiloniootoaltr оагфВав;іі1Гтоарап^аа • іяовpbtnitra ■ iirabte ■ paltHuioo • ttutt^q fua OB ttaanBna ■ pntttjt aB toio & piatntut gignofapliilta o taioiilitnutty folia mtnfant uiottet i fabulo. |numit illt nit ubiq; quoB BitatCT Snip poltaia tapir it uichot fir ttt.StttipBtrupttIpcpitmttaoftB i miluniinibua; pWoHtatue. XE _ , iUloquarOrfttuhboniinilB: runt apottotua pauluauna r> niottmagiBttnranumqulBt f' itftaua rann in ftqoipina loqur« berurOittna.JIntEprninrnnnnqutt tinanua qniinmr loqmnirtnttueo&Baniafruni atabinqi InStatatn
afrtntmt ittrofoliniautuibttttptttu^ te raaftut apuBtum birbuo quinsti^/
•I|0At mini taitaio ABomaoio tt ob verba* nit aueb ftrruffe irb nit Oiclxxtulmet;en funtor i* vorfet) vnb Auffprttfcefittorli* bu.mi tottrn fur sic site IxxCriftn* Ser lautet mir surrb tren munb vns Sie Felton Fefe ieb MS fp fein geterne fir Sie ptopbeten in ben gnftiitbcn gaton Sie to gAt Sa teihggeifnin ben gar narbene sie tulmct,f*en ba ben Sen letffren grab."Du feint was laftu bids pane gm Sen nepb vns ten batj: was rntjfru wiser mitb Sic gtmite ter vngderttnA" weiithtr ftstt Sieb sunctot Ms ieb garret bab in ter auftegung frag Siefccbrtifdxn batont mcifeer in vil fteretn .Was Sie baton von xpo Ms batont nit sein pieber. go ife tin inter Sing ife Sas fptowert baton ivitrrfirb torn** bit gejcugt gr(cuchnitj von benxiptotetn sic lattini frtxn pirber fine bas gelcurrrt wan n Si kne*ifdxn:vns bit krutbifAen bas wann bit be
ber facb ms cs was glit. vnb fpraeb. Die ebekcim grins kraut vns ma the fam tn: vnb bas Spb:lbau min hotep ma* wither na* fam gtftbletbe tea fame ftp in jm fdbsauf Sercrte. Vnbre warbgt tan alfo. Vns bit erte fiirbra*t grins kraut vnb brings Sen famf na* iron gtf*!edx:vd Ms batt; maebe ben wither vn ein pegff*» bet famen na*
lalMtjniuwiiiiiiiii
©тіпйнНпшш^
{A brnfdxn .Vnb life bub i*bifc sing gtrcStwio:
КНІГІ ОНЛАЙН
