Рэпрэсаваныя медыцынскія і ветэрынарныя работнікі Беларусі
Леанід Маракоў
Выдавец: Медысонт
Памер: 904с.
Мінск 2010
I, канечне ж, трэба згадаць кадры, якія «вырашалі ўсё». Суражскім раённым аддзелам аховы здароўя кіраваў начальнік пажарнай часці Арлоў, Бешанковіцкім — дырэктар сталовай Хініч, Барысаўскім радзільным домам — загадчык яго гаспадаркі, Дубровенскай бальніцай — фельчар... У лячэбных установах ад адсутнасці большасці лекаў і медыкаментаў памірала столькі людзей, што ўрачы не паспявалі лічыць нябожчыкаў... Як ужо казалі, знішчэнне хворых праз неаказанне ім дапамогі. Хворыя не маглі працаваць, не маглі прынесці дыктатару дывідэнды, а значыць, падлягалі спісанню-вынішчэнню. Вынішчэнню падлягалі і асабліва актыўныя выратавальнікі хворых, тыя, хто ў нечалавечых умовах, як мог, ратаваў іх. I не мела значэння, санітарка гэта была, медсястра, галоўны ўрач шпіталя ці загадчык кафедры лячэбнага факультэта.
1 У снеж. 1933 плюс 43 хворых на дызентэрыю (крываўку), смяротнасць ад якой у БССР была каля 25 %.
У даведніку якраз і прыведзены біяграфіі (або кароткія звесткі) тых выратавальнікаў. Гэта рэпрэсаваныя ўрачы шпіталяў, бальніц, дыспансераў, радзільных дамоў, паліклінік, медыцынскіх пунктаў і кансультацый, вайсковых частак, месцаў зняволення; супрацоўнікі Народнага камісарыята аховы здароўя, абласных, гарадскіх, раённых медыцынскіх, санітарных, ветэрынарных інспекцый і ўстаноў; загадчыкі медыцынскіх і ветэрынарных лабараторый, санітарна-эпідэміялагічных станцый, пунктаў аховы здароўя, медыцынскіх і ветэрынарных пунктаў, аптэк; ветэрынарныя і санітарныя ўрачы, фармацэўты, стаматолагі, зубныя тэхнікі, санінструктары, дэзінфектары, медсёстры, акушэркі, фельчары, ветэрынарныя фельчары, санітаркі і санітары, служачыя медыцынскіх устаноў; загадчыкі кафедраў, прафесары, дацэнты, выкладчыкі і студэнты медыцынскіх і ветэрынарных ВНУ, настаўнікі і навучэнцы сярэдніх спецыяльных медыцынскіх і ветэрынарных навучальных устаноў, а таксама сваякі пакутнікаў і тыя, што праходзілі з імі па адной справе. Усяго 1 520 персаналій1, сярод якіх каля паўтысячы ўрачоў, больш за 200 медсясцёр, блізу 600 ветэрынарных работнікаў (што патрабуе асобнага даследавання), некалькі соцень іх сваякоў і тых, хто праходзіў з імі па адной групавой справе.
1 Па нацыянальным складзе: беларусы — 738 чал. (48,55%); палякі — 331 чал. (21,8%); яўрэі — 203 чал. (13,4%); рускія — 168 чал. (11 %); украінцы — 25 чал. (1,65%); латышы —18 чал. (1,18%); літоўцы — 13 чал. (0,86%); немцы -9 чал. (0,6%); чэхі, эстонцы — па 2 чал.; грузіны, венгры, казахі, малдаване, татары, французы, чувашы — па 1 чал.; нявызначанай нацыянальнасці — 4 чал.
Supergenocide — the genocide against patients and their saviors
During the bloody tunnel of death — the peak of Stalin repressions (June 1936 — November 1938) by connivance of Moscow there was a full desolation of health service system of the BSSR population. Or rather, absence of this system. Though on the other hand, the system was. The destruction of sickmen through not giving medical aid to them. They had no time to build a concentration camp for the healthy, let alone sickmen. They won’t take them to a concentration camp, in the veal-car they will die. It came to the fact that in the majority of regional hospitals of the BSSR there was only one doctor. One in thousands and thousands of people! And in some hospitals none at all. And each third or fourth medical district was without the doctor. How do you like it — a medical district and without the doctor? What is more not only without the doctor — without the medical assistant and the midwife! In the BSSR there was lack of hundreds of doctors and medical assistants; five hundred of midwifes, and they were arrested and slaughtered with special diligence. They were arrested with such speed and periodicity, that three hundred of annual graduates of the Minsk and Vitebsk Medical Institutes did not manage to cover the arisen blockages. Indeed, they naturally were taught some good sense not for the sake of it. The big people — distinguished clients (mainly party bosses and their servants from NKVD) — of special hospitals, special clinics, special sanatoriums, special holiday homes demanded special service. For the sake of it they prepared Young Medical Guards.
Though the fair socialist state allocated as much as 4 rubles per month for the health service of a builder of communism (indeed, we may say, it was free medicare), but, evidently, «as much as» did not suffice. It did not suffice when the money was divided among all people but what about division among the visitors1 of special institutions?
There were no dentists in Terehovsky (30 000 persons), Cherikovsky (40 000) and Krasnopolsky (54 000) regions. On 124 000 — no one! Not having a dentist is not the biggest problem! During 1937 there was a 30—60 percent increase in the children’s death rate in Borisov, Vitebsk, Gomel, Lepel, Mogilyov, Minsk, Orsha, Polotsk and Rechitsa. The annihilation of fathers was reflected on children as well. In Borisov every 4—5 baby did not live up to one year. In Mogilyov half of the dead — 724 from 1447 — were children under 4 years. The majority of hospitals were not heated even in winter, and Borisovsky maternity home and Lelchitsky regional hospital (for 20 beds with the regional population of 35 thousand persons!) had no water drain, water and light. As in the Stone Age. And it’s not only Lelchitsky hospital! Heating, light and a waterpipe did not operate even in Minsk republican children’s home with 80 beds where the beds of the sick with pneumonia, flu, gonorrhoea (!) and other infectious diseases were placed together with beds of healthy children. However, in clinic such children were few. On 80 beds 265 children were placed, 70 of them died every year(more than every fourth — as peace population of the BSSR during the World War II). In Minsk children’s hospital in the room of mothers on duty calculated on ten-twelve persons, there were 40 mothers. In children’s infectious department of Osipovichsky «hospital» through the ceiling it was possible to count stars, and through the walls to see where the
’ One of those distinguished visitors in 1937 was the people’s commissar of internal affairs, the organizer of murders of tens of thousands inhabitants of the BSSR and medical-vitamin baths and Charcot's douche lover B. Berman.
bandit brigade of NKVD people drove on black voronka1 to hunt for people. In a number of hospitals besides tweezers, scalpels and scissors, there were no syringes and thermometers (as in concentration camps!). One shouldn’t speak about mattresses, bed-clothes and folders with «histories of illnesses». They were simply lack of usual chairs. In hospital wards they used suitcases of the patients, who came in to hospital, instead of the chairs. But in infinite quantity there were lice, bugs and cockroaches. Besides that there was a quota of bread as in a concentration camp: 300—500 grammes a day for a person. Capital doctor Z.S.Levin at the end of October 1938 visited a notorious Mogilyov psychiatric clinic (Do you remember where the security officers finished off the writer Tsishka Gartny?). After that Levin wrote: «Children dark blue, shivering with cold here, driven into corners and all together remind the tired out animals ... The department makes an impression of a closed prison type insulator...»
Do you think it was better earlier in Mogilyov «madhouse»? Here both dictators had the identical plans about mentally sickmen... In May 1933 they brought 50 patients from Minsk to the «clinic». How many do you think they cured for a year? Have not guessed. All. It means all were sent to a local cemetery. However, here it is necessary to notice, that Minsk citizens were absolutely unlucky, as out of local patients «only» every third in the course of half a year or a year went to the other better world (and one third relatives, having learnt about that, took them away home). And how was it possible to survive practically without medicines? Medicines — in Minsk, patients — in Mogilyov. Such planned economy...
And do you know how the burial occurs here? Do you think, a person died, he was washed, was shaved, was put in a coffin, was dug and then they went to make a speech with kindly word of him? No... The budget was short of money not only for medicines...
1 People called a car which chekists usually drove; here it’s an allusion to a bird Raven.
(It was also short for clothes — the majority of patients walked in the «hospital» naked (l)Andfor repair of pre-revolutionary district hospitals, and for training of doctors and...) And business was put to a stream. They collected 15—20 dead men during a week or so and only then... Will throw into the lorry and in the last journey. Can you imagine the fog-smell that was in a local mortuary? And sometimes even such things happened. They brought the next group on a cemetery, filled a hole with dead men, started to dig in, and here suddenly! — I am sorry — there somebody got up out of a tomb. It is not funny. He was out in a mortuary for a week and here regained consciousness in fresh air... And it is cold — he is naked after all... They say that one senior nurse went crazy at that moment... That’s how she turned from the employee into the patient of «a madhouse»... And she wasn’t the only one1...
In Gomel hospital patients, including children, were discharged from hospital as soon as the temperature went down to 38 degrees. And what should they do, they couldn’t lay three patients onto one bed. In Zhlobinsky, Lepelsky, Hojniksky regions, and in many others there was no X-ray equipment. It was absent even in Borisovsky regional tubercular (!) clinic. To make an X-ray, a patient had to go to Minsk. He had to pay for a journey quite a lot of money. Well, you remember — free medicine... With tuberculosis into the car of a train and to Minsk...
In Dzerzhinsky, Kopylsky, Pleshchenitsky (all of Minsk region), Lelchitsky, Rossonsky (on 40 places — 46 thousand population of the region2), Ushachsky (all of Vitebsk region), Turovsky (Gomel region; for 25 places — 28 thousand population of the region) and in many other regions including Mogiiyov region, in the mid
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