Полацак №2, 1993

42.01 МБ

Спіцы, Сенненскі рн
У 1890 г.Е.Раманаў раскапаў 2 курганы каля рэчкі Бяроза і знайшоў сярэбраны
10
Golden Age Gleam
Commemorating the 400th Anniversary of S.Budny's death
I. Saverchenko, Olga McDermott
S. Bydny by artist Edward Agunovich
History of European culture in the 16th century devotes a distinctive place to a distinguished Belarusan writer, publicist, unique theologian and philosopher Simon Budny (about 1530 January 13, 1593). Associated with his name are Belarusan Renaissance and Reformation.
Before becoming the spiritual leader of peoples of the Middle Age Belarusan Empire — the Great Lithuanian, Russian and Zhemoit Principality S. Budny suffered a long hard road towards reformation. He possessed natural gifts and extraordinary philological talents and in his youth mastered several languages; Belarusan, Church Slavonic, Polish, Greek, Latin and Hebrew. His talents and tendencies toward the sciences were addressed to his comprehension of theology and depth of study of Western and Eastern Christian works, creative works of Middle Ages scholars, as well as recomprehention of the richest experiences antique cultures had to offer, i.e. Judaic, Greek and Roman ones.
His interests encompassed cosmology, theology, social doctrines, problems of spiritual improvement of a personality, etc.
Having felt his talents as a teacher, S.Budny started prophesying God's Word in the end of 50's of the 16U1 century, and simultaneously started writing and preparing his famous "Catechism" (Nesvizh, 1562), for publication. This was followed by "Acquittal of the Sinner to the God" (Nesvizh, 1562), which gave him veneration and popularity in all of Europe.
About 1563, the Belarusan humanist inclined towards Aryanism. He soon became the leader of the antitrinitary movement of the Great Principality and remained there for
the rest of his life. As a result of his intense theological research S.Budny produced "On the main provisions of Christianity" (Losk, 1576), 'Talks", which was translated and published by him into the Polish language in 1564.
In 6080 of the 16 * centuiy S.Budny greatly contributed to the struggle against the Utopian movement of anarchists. He was comfortable with the ideas and doctrines of early Christianity, which called for entire equality and demanded liquidation of the State and all its structures. S. Budny wrote several treatises directed against anarchists and published them in the compilation "On Soviet Power" (Losk, 1583). He also emanated the work of Jacob Paleologue "Protection of the Proper Outlook for Power" (Defensio verae sententiae de magistrate politico in eccleslis, Losci, 150) having written a foreword for this. He also promoted the translation and publication of A.G. Modgevsky’s book "On Improvement of the State" (Losk, 1577) with numerous agreements for power, and with the aid of references to the Bible. Eveiy Christian's right for authority in state structures was supported.
However, the main creative work of S.Budny, which demanded tremendous efforts, was a new translation and edition of the Bible. Budny continued the tradition of our humanist and first printer F.Skorina. The translation of the Bible, as well as apocryphal books, was started by the Belarusan theologian about 1565, and already in 1570, Apocrypha and the NewTestament were published in the Nesvizh printing house of Daniel Lentchinsk. In 1572 he published the complete text of the Bible. However, the theologian noticed that the printing house owners — Hector and Albrecht Cavechinsky without notification on advice from him, changed many verses in the New Testament. This upset him greatly. Therefore, in the next two years, S. Budny, with the support of a wellknown Belarusan reformist Maecenas Jan
Klshka again corrected and reedited the New Testament (Losk, 1574) with a loquacious "Foreword to the Reader" and a vast theological commentary.
According to his words, by translating the New Testament the Belarusan exehet rested on the previous translations of Laurence Valla, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Martin Luther, Sebastian Castallion, Thoedore Beza, Micolas Zegar, Francisko Skorina, Peter Msticlavets and Ivan Fedorov, Stanislav Muzhlnovsky on the Brest Bible of 1563, as well as the Croatian and Czech Bibles. Budny always referenced the works of ancient authors Tertullian, Evseby, Epiphany, leronlm and numerous manuscripts of the Bible of the 515th centuries in numerous languages. In fact, none of the European interpreters of NewTestament had earlier conducted such a great textological survey of the Holy Writ. Due to the unusual analytical gifts of Budny, his talents and great erudition, deep knowledge of the exegetics history, the scientific and critical level of the published NewTestament in 1574 wasjustly considered one of the greatest works which ever existed in Europe during that time .
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